Giant defect emission enhancement from ZnO nanowires through desulfurization process.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a stable, direct bandgap semiconductor emitting in the UV with a multitude of technical applications. It is well known that ZnO emission can be shifted into the green for visible light applications through the introduction of defects. However, generating consistent and efficient green emission through this process is challenging, particularly given that the chemical or atomic origin of the green emission in ZnO is still under debate. In this work we present a new method, for which we coin term desulfurization, for creating green emitting ZnO with significantly enhanced quantum efficiency. Solution grown ZnO nanowires are partially converted to ZnS, then desulfurized back to ZnO, resulting in a highly controlled concentration of oxygen defects as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Using this controlled placement of oxygen vacancies we observe a greater than 40-fold enhancement of integrated emission intensity and explore the nature of this enhancement through low temperature photoluminescence experiments

Discriminative detection of laser-accelerated multi-MeV carbon ions utilizing solid state nuclear track detectors

A new diagnosis method for the discriminative detection of laser‐accelerated multi‐MeV carbon ions from background oxygen ions utilizing solid‐state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) is proposed. The idea is to combine two kinds of SSNTDs having different track registration sensitivities: Bisphenol A polycarbonate detects carbon and the heavier ions, and polyethylene terephthalate detects oxygen and the heavier ions. The method is calibrated with mono‐energetic carbon and oxygen ion beams from the heavy ion accelerator. Based on the calibration data, the method is applied to identify carbon ions accelerated from multilayered graphene targets irradiated by a high‐power laser, where the generation of high‐energy high‐purity carbon ions is expected. It is found that 93 ± 1% of the accelerated heavy ions with energies larger than 14 MeV are carbons. The results thus obtained support that carbon‐rich heavy ion acceleration is achieved

Sentosa : pricing strategies.

Possible pricing strategies such as dual pricing and one-ticket-enters-all pricing system for Sentosa to increase revenue

Giant defect emission enhancement from ZnO nanowires through desulfurization process

International audienceZinc oxide (ZnO) is a stable, direct bandgap semiconductor emitting in the UV with a multitude of technical applications. It is well known that ZnO emission can be shifted into the green for visible light applications through the introduction of defects. However, generating consistent and efficient green emission through this process is challenging, particularly given that the chemical or atomic origin of the green emission in ZnO is still under debate. In this work we present a new method, for which we coin term desulfurization, for creating green emitting ZnO with significantly enhanced quantum efficiency. Solution grown ZnO nanowires are partially converted to ZnS, then desulfurized back to ZnO, resulting in a highly controlled concentration of oxygen defects as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. Using this controlled placement of oxygen vacancies we observe a greater than 40-fold enhancement of integrated emission intensity and explore the nature of this enhancement through low temperature photoluminescence experiments

Rapid thermal process driven intra-die device variations

Producción CientíficaIntra-die device variation due to pattern layout effects associated with the development of ultra-fast annealing processes is one of the major scaling challenges for advanced CMOS devices. In this paper, we show that an excellent and universal correlation can be established between on-die device variation and a new reflectance characterization technique with sufficient resolution. This approach has the potential to be universally applicable to virtually any structure pattern. In addition, we conducted simulations of the thermal annealing effect on 2D doping profiles by considering the effects of temperature sensitivity, reflectivity, and active dopant fraction. Our results show that the observed on-die variation was caused mainly by using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process rather than by flash annealing (FLA). We further concluded that pattern-induced device variation is mainly due to the redistribution of the dopants, instead of from dopant activation. To mitigate the pattern loading effect from thermal annealing, we employed a light absorbing layer to eliminate the within-die reflectivity variation. We found that we could successfully reduce electrical on-die variation by 50%.Taiwan's Ministry of Science and Technology (contract 109-2628-M-008-004-MY3

Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis for Anaerobic Digestion as Cow Manure Management System

Clean electricity is generated by the anaerobic digestion of biomass waste. The environmental impacts of various biomass waste feedstocks vary, while co-digestion has been reported to improve anaerobic digestion performance. A consequential life-cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) are carried out for cow manure waste management for a cow farm. Three scenarios are considered in this study: (S1) mono-digestion of cow manure, (S2) co-digestion of cow manure and maize silage, and (S3) co-digestion of cow manure with cow feed waste, sewage sludge, and returned dairy products. The LCA aims to quantify the environmental impact of each MWh of electricity generated, assuming the plant is located in Malaysia, using OpenLCA software. The TEA economic parameters are quantified and compared between the three scenarios. Net present value (NPV), Internal Return Rate (IRR), and Return of Investment (ROI) are examined. Among the three scenarios, S2 with maize cultivation has a higher environmental impact due to its higher energy requirements. With the integration of closed digestate storage and renewable energy-powered electricity, S3 has the best environmental performance in global warming, eutrophication and acidification. S3 is found to be most economically viable, with MYR 1.28 million NPV, 14% IRR, and 15% ROI, and a Payback Period of 6.56 years with an OPEX of MYR 3491.82/MWh